Norovirus Vaccine against Experimental Human Norwalk Virus Illness

Norovirus vaccine against experimental human GII.4 virus illness: a challenge study in healthy adults.

BACKGROUND Vaccines against norovirus, the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis, should protect against medically significant illness and reduce transmission. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 18- to 50-year-olds received 2 injections of placebo or norovirus GI.1/GII.4 bivalent vaccine-like particle (VLP) vaccine with 3-O-desacyl-4'-monophosphoryl lipid A (...

Norwalk Virus Shedding after Experimental Human Infection

Noroviruses are the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in the United States. To determine the magnitude and duration of virus shedding in feces, we evaluated persons who had been experimentally infected with Norwalk virus. Of 16 persons, clinical gastroenteritis (watery diarrhea and/or vomiting) developed in 11; symptomatic illness lasted 1-2 days. Virus shedding was first detected by r...

Vaccine against human Papilloma Virus

At present two prophylactic human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccines are commercially available. The tetravalent vaccine comprised of four VPH types (6, 11, 16, and 18) distributed in the national program in Colombia and the bivalent vaccine comprised of VPH types 16 and 18, respectively. Types 16 and 18 are accountable for 70% of cervical cancer, most vulva, vagina, penis, anus and one third of or...

Detection of norwalk-like virus in shellfish implicated in illness.

In the 1990s, Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) were identified in patient specimens as the primary pathogen associated with shellfish-borne gastroenteritis in the United States. Identification of these viruses from implicated shellfish has been difficult due to inefficient recovery of viruses, natural polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors in shellfish, and low virus contamination. Recent improv...

Vaccination of Chicks with an Experimental Oil-emulsion Vaccine against Infectious Bursal Disease Virus